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This article is about the demographics features of the population of Argentina, including distribution, ethnicity, economic status and other.
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Queen and Princesses of the 2004 National Immigrants\' Festival, Oberá, Misiones.
Children at school, Buenos Aires.
Argentina, along with other areas of new settlement like Canada, Australia or New Zealand is a melting pot of different peoples, both autochthonous and immigrants. Citizens of European descent make up the great majority of the population, with estimates varying from white 89.7%Argentina to 97%CIA - The World Factbook - Argentina of the total population. The last national census, based on self-ascription, indicated a similar figure.Turismo de Argentina
The most common ethnic groups are Italian and Spaniard. There are also significant Germanic, Slavic, British and French populations.
Waves of immigrants from European countries arrived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The main contributors were Spain, Italy, France (mostly settled in Buenos Aires city and province), Eastern European nations such as Croatia, Poland, Russia, Romania, Ukraine and the Balkans (especially Greece, Serbia and Montenegro), Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland (Buenos Aires and Patagonia), and Scandinavia (especially Sweden). Smaller waves of settlers from Australia, South Africa and the United States are recorded in Argentine immigration records. By the 1910s, over 30 percent of the country\'s population was non-native Argentine after immigration rates peaked, and half of Buenos Aires\' population was foreign-born. [1] [2]
The overwhelming majority of Argentina\'s Jewish community (about 2% of the population) derives from immigrants of Northern, Central, and Eastern European origin (Ashkenazi Jews). Argentina\'s Jewish population is by far the largest Jewish community in all of Latin America and is the fifth largest in the world. Buenos Aires itself is said to have 100,000 practicing Jews, making it one of the largest Jewish urban centers in the world (see also History of the Jews in Argentina).
Small numbers of people from Asia have also settled Argentina, mainly in Buenos Aires. The first Asian-Argentines were of Japanese descent, but Koreans, Vietnamese, Chinese and Laotians soon followed.
In recent decades, especially during the 1990s, there has been a substantial influx of immigrants from neighboring South American countries, mainly from Peru, Paraguay and Bolivia. Other immigrants are from neighboring Brazil through the Brazil-Argentine border.
Most immigrants, regardless of origin, settled in the city of Buenos Aires or around (Greater Buenos Aires or Buenos Aires Province). However, in the first stages of immigration, some formed colonies (especially agricultural colonies) in other parts of the country, often encouraged by the Argentine government and/or sponsored by private individuals and organizations.
Many Scandinavian, British (English and Scottish) and Irish immigrants settled in Patagonia; today, the Chubut Valley has a significant Welsh-descended population and retains many aspects of Welsh culture. But since the 1980\'s, many Welsh Argentines began to emigrate to Canada and Australia.
German and Swiss colonies settled in the provinces of Entre Ríos, Misiones, Formosa, Córdoba Province and Patagonia, as well as in Buenos Aires itself. 8 million may be of German ancestry, third largest after Italian and Spanish.[citation needed]
Immigration from the Chilean island of Chiloé made up much of the Chilean immigration to the southern region of Patagonia during the late 19th century. Today, seasonal migration of farm laborers along with many miners in the Andean provinces come from Chile, or Peru and Bolivia.
According to the provisional data of INDEC\'s Complementary Survey of Indigenous Peoples (ECPI) 2004 - 2005 INDEC: Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas (ECPI) 2004 - 2005 (in Spanish), INDEC. Document dated June 26, 2006; URL accessed on March 29, 2006. only 402,921 persons (about 1% of the total population). An additional 4.5% are labelled as Mestizo Argentina Turismo, Información, Información general consultado 30-Ago-2006.
The rate of Argentine emigration to Europe (especially to Spain and Italy[3]) and, to a lesser degree, to North America (mostly to Mexico and the United States) peaked in the late 1970s and early 1980s and is noteworthy.
Demographics of Argentina, data from FAO, year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands.
The Argentine population has one of Latin America\'s lowest growth rates (about one percent per annum), and it also enjoys a comparatively small infant mortality rate. The age structure of the population is therefore similar to that of more developed countries, with a median age of about 29 years and a life expectancy of 75 years at birth.
As per the 2001 census , the total population was 36,260,130, of which 1,527,320 (4.2%) were born abroad. The Argentine census agency estimates 40,927,301 for July 2007.
.png/58px-Población Argentina por Provincias (2001).png)
Population distribution in Argentina
Eighty percent of the Argentine population resides in cities or towns of more than two thousand inhabitants, and over one-third lives in the Greater Buenos Aires area. With 11.5 million inhabitants, this sprawling metropolis serves as the focus for national life. Buenos Aires is one of the ten largest metropolises in the southern and western hemispheres, and the second largest in South America after Sao Paulo, Brazil and has 5 million fewer people than Mexico City, Mexico located in North America.[citation needed]
An additional 1.1 million people live in the metropolitan area of Rosario, and 1.3 million in the city of Córdoba. Most of the Argentine population lives in the corresponding provinces (Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Córdoba). In 1989, the Argentine government voted but never got to construct a master-planned capital in Viedma near the coastal city of Bahía Blanca, in order to generate development in the central provinces.
The rest of the country is, by comparison, under-populated; for example, the whole southern province of Santa Cruz has about 200,000 inhabitants. Large extensions of the Argentine territory are dedicated to agriculture and pastures. The Andean provinces facing both the Chilean and Bolivian borders, and the northeast frontier facing Brazil are also rural and sparsely populated areas.
Argentines enjoy high standards of living compared to other Latin American countries; more than half of the population considers itself middle class. The general impoverishment of the country during the last part of the 1990s, culminating with the economic crisis at the turn of the millennium, have greatly diminished this impression. As of 2007, 23% of the population is under the official poverty line, and income distribution has become considerably unequal.
The educational level is good, at least in urban areas with ready access to public schools and universities. The Argentine literacy rate is very high (98.1%).
Huge ranches, called estancias, cover much of the Pampa and Patagonia. Some rural people work on estancias, while others own small farms. As a general rule, country people do not live as well as city people. Because of this fact the rural population is declining as farm workers seek better life in the cities. Many rural houses are built of adobe. The poorer people live in houses with adobe walls, dirt floors, and roofs of straw and mud. Wealthy landowners have elegant country estates and luxurious city homes.
The official language of Argentina is Spanish, and it is spoken by practically the entire population in several different dialects, each having various degrees of Spanish and Italian influences. The most common dialect of Spanish in Argentina is Rioplatense Spanish, and it is so named because it evolved in the central areas around the Río de la Plata basin. Rioplatense Spanish is the standard form of Spanish as used by the Argentine media. Its distinctive feature is widespread voseo, the use of the pronoun vos instead of tú for the second person singular. It shows Italian influence in vocabulary, lingo and intonation. In addition to Rioplatense Spanish, people of the province of Córdoba have a distinctive intonation pattern. Along the Brazilian border it is quite common to hear a mixture of Portuguese and Spanish called Portuñol.
Some few in the litoral provinces of the north-east speak Guaraní, an Amerindian language, usually mixing it with Spanish. Guaraní as a second language is understood at varying degrees by 3.7% of Argentinians, Página/12, 27 December 2006. Los idiomas de los argentinos. and holds official status alongside Spanish in the province of Corrientes. Quechua, another Amerindian language, is also spoken by some people but is confined primarily to Santiago del Estero.
English language is a required subject in many schools, and there are also many private English-teaching academies and institutions. Young people have become accustomed to English through movies and the Internet, and knowledge of the language is also required in certain jobs, so most middle-class children and teenagers now speak, read and/or understand it with various degrees of efficiency. According to an official cultural consumption survey conducted in 2006, 42.3% of Argentinians claim to know some English (though only 15.4% of those claimed to have a high level of English comprehension).
Many Argentines also speak other European languages (Italian, Portuguese, French, German and Serbo-Croatian, as examples) due to the vast number of immigrants from Europe that came to Argentina.[4] Due to the linguistic influences of Rioplatense Spanish from Italian, the average Argentine is well-positioned to understand that language to a substantial degree.
There is a small but prosperous community of Argentine Welsh-speakers in the province of Chubut, in the Patagonia region, who descend from 19th century immigrants.
A group of researchers belonging to diverse scientific Argentine and French institutions (CONICET, UBA, Centres D\'Anthropologie de Toulouse)Avena, Sergio A., Goicochea, Alicia S., Rey, Jorge et al. (2006). Mezcla génica en una muestra poblacional de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Medicina (B. Aires), mar./abr. 2006, vol.66, no.2, p.113-118. ISSN 0025-7680.,on the base of information gathered in the Hospital of Clinics and Italian of the City of Buenos Aires, concluded that:
The " Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas" of University of Buenos Aires concluded in 2005 a research directed by the Argentine geneticist Daniel Corach (realized on 320 individuals of 9 provinces) from genetical scoreboards established that 56% of the Argentine population has at least one amerindian ancestor. The study indicates that the genetic amerindian characteristic, not necessarily demonstrates physical visible feature. From this percentage, only 10% of the population has exclusively amerindian ancestors. The remaining 44% of the total population, does not have amerindian ancestry.[5]Estructura genética de la Argentina, Impacto de contribuciones genéticas - Ministerio de Educación de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Nación..
A group of researchers belonging to diverse scientific Argentine, North American institutions, Swedish and Guatemalan, directed by Michael F. Seldin of University of California F. Seldin et to (2006). " Argentine population genetic structure: Large variance in Amerindian contribution ", American Journal of Physical Anthropology Volume 132, Issue 3, Pages 455 - 462 Published Online: 18 Dec 2006 concluded that:
A research of Centro de Genética de Filosofía y Letras of the University of Buenos Aires established in 2005, after analyzed 500 blood samples in the " Italian Hospital ", " Hospital of Clinics " and the " Regional Medical Center of the city of La Plata ",that 4,3 % of the analyzed samples corresponding to inhabitants of the Great Buenos Aires contains genetic African scoreboards (though it is not observed to a fenotipical level)Clarín (09-06-2006).
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (July 2007) Please improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
Population: 40,301,927 (June 2007 est.)
Age structure:
Median age:
Annual population growth rate: 0.96% (2006 est.)
Birth rate: 16.73 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate: 7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Total fertility rate: 2.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Languages:
Literacy (defined as individuals of age 15 and over who can read and write):
| Demographics of South America | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sovereign states | -->Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama* · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago* · Uruguay · Venezuela |  |
| Dependencies | -->Aruba* (Netherlands) · Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · Netherlands Antilles* (Netherlands) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK) | |
| * Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas (North America). | ||
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